The Forensic Implications of Cocaine

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4.     Casale JF, Moore JM (1994), ‘3’,4’,5’-Trimethoxy-Substituted Analogs of Cocaine, Cis-/Trans-cinnamoylcocaine and Tropacocaine: Characterisation and Quantification of New Alkaloids in Coca Leaf, Coca Paste and Refined Illicit Cocaine’, Journal of Forensic Sciences 39(2) 462-472 March 1994

5.     Coburt MR, Koves EM (1993), ‘Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Cocaine and Benzoylecgonine over a Wide Concentration Range (<0.005-5mg/dL) in Post Mortem Blood’, Journal of Forensic Sciences 39(1) 136-149 Jan 1994

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8.     Cone EJ, Darwin WD, Wang WL (1993), ‘The Occurrence of Cocaine, Heroin and Metabolites in Hair of Drug Abusers’, Forensic Science International 63:55-68 1993

9.     Cregler LL, Mark H (1986), ‘Medical Complications of Cocaine Abuse’, NEJM 315(23) 1495-1500

10.    da Matta Chasin AA, Midio AF (2000), ‘Validation of an Ion-trap Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Method for the Determination of Cocaine and Metabolites and Cocaethylene in Post Mortem Whole Blood’, Forensic Science International 109(1) 1-13 March 13^th 2000

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12.    Forrester JM, Steele AW, Waldron JA, Parsons PE (1990), ‘Crack Lung: An Acute Pulmonary Syndrome with a Spectrum of Clinical and Histopathologic Findings’, Am Rev Respir Dis 1990 142: 462-7

13.    Garfia A, Valverde JL, Borondo JC, Candenas I, Lucena J (1990), ‘Vascular Lesions in Intestinal Ischaemia Induced by Cocaine-alcohol Abuse: Report of a fatal case due to overdose’, Journal of Forensic Sciences 35(3) 740-745

14.    Gelder M, Gath D, Mayou R (1994), ‘Concise Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry’, Oxford University Press

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17.    Isner JM, Estes M, Thompson PD, Costanzo-Nordin MR, Subramanian R, Miller G, Kastas G, Sweeney K, Sturner WQ (1986), ‘Acute Cardiac Events Temporarily Related to Cocaine Abuse’, NEJM 315(23) pp. 1438-1443

18.    Karch SB (1991(a)), ‘Introduction to the Forensic Pathology of Cocaine’, American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 12(2) 126-131

19.    Karch SB, Stephens BS (1991(b)), ‘When is Cocaine the Cause of Death ?’, American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 12(1) 1-2

20.    Karch SB, Stephens BG, Tseng A (1999), ‘Does Ethanol Enhance Cocaine Toxicity?’, Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 6:19-23 1999

21.    Karch SB (2000), ‘Drug Abuse and Trauma’, in ‘The Pathology of Trauma’, (3^rd Ed) Mason JK and Perdue BN (ED), Arnold Publishing pp.422-440

22.   Kintz P, Mangin P (1995), ‘What Constitutes a Positive Result in Hair Analysis: Proposal for the Establishment of Cut-off Values’, Forensic Sciences International 70:3-11

23.    Lee Hearn W, Flyn DD, Hime GW, Rose S, Cofino JC, Mantero-Atienza E, Wetli CV, Mash DC (1991), Cocaethylene: A Unique Cocaine Metabolite Displays High Affinity For the Dopamine Receptor’, Journal of Neurochemistry 56(2) 698-701 1991

24.    Leshner AI (1996), Molecular Mechanisms of Cocaine Addiction’, NEJM 335(2) 128-9

25.    Levine SR, Brust JCM, Futrell N, Ho KL, Blake D, Millikan CH, Brass LM, Fayad P, Schultz LR, Selwa JF, Welch KMA (1990), ‘Cerebrovascular Complications of the use of the ‘Crack’ Form of Alkaloidal Cocaine’, NEJM 1990 323:699-704

26.    Mycek MJ, Harvey RA, Champe PC (1997), ‘Lippencott’s Illustrated Reviews – Pharmacology’, (2^nd Ed) Lippencott-Raven Publishers

27.    Niesink RJM, Jaspers RMA, Kornet LMW, van Ree JM (1999), ‘Drugs of Abuse and Addiction: Neurobehavioural Toxicity’, CRC Press 1999

28.    Nolte KB, Pinder RD, Lord WD (1992), ‘Insect larvae used to detect cocaine poisoning in a decomposed body’, Journal of Forensic Sciences 37(4) 1179-1185 July 1992

29.    O’Dell LE, Kreifeldt MJ, George FR, Ritz MC (2000), ‘The role of serotonin (2) receptors in mediating cocaine induced convulsions’, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav 2000 65(4) 677-681

30.    Perez-Reyes M, Jeffcoat R (1992), ‘Ethanol/ Cocaine Interaction: Cocaine and Cocaethylene Plasma Concentrations and their Relationship to Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects’, Life Sciences 51:553-563

31.    Perez-Reyes M (1994), ‘The Order of Drug Administration: It’s Effects on the Interaction Between Cocaine and Alcohol’, Life Sciences 55(7) 541-550

32     Stark MM, Payne-James JJ (1996), ‘Symptoms and Signs of Substance Misuse’, Greenwich Medical Media

33.    Stark MM (Ed) (1999), ‘A Physician’s Guide to Clinical Forensic Medicine’, Humana Press (Chapter 8 with Norfolk GA)

34.    Wetli CV, Fishbain DA (1985), ‘Cocaine-induced Psychosis and Sudden Death in Recreational Cocaine Users’, Journal of Forensic Sciences 30: 873-80

35.    Wetli CV (1987), ‘Fatal Cocaine Intoxication – A Review’, American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 1987(8) 1-2

36.    Zugibe FT, Breithaupt M, Costello J (1998), ‘Cardiotoxic mechanisms and interrelationships of cocaine: including a single case depicting several of these mechanisms’, Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 1998 (5) 140-146  

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